Marasmus
affects very young children
results from severe malnutrition
lack of energy, protein, minerals, vitamins
emaciated look, no edema
hair dull, dry, skin thin & wrinkled
Kwashiorkor severe lack of sufficient protein
sudden or recent lack of protein-containing food happens in children & adults
fat accumulates in liver
lack of protein & hormones
results in edema, painful skin lesions, changes in skin, hair pigmentation, ↑mortality
Nutritional care of the surgical client
if the surgery is elective, want to have nutritional status evaluated before surgery
extra protein, CHO, vitamins, & minerals may be needed
for overweight clients, improved nutritional status lose weight, especially with knee & hip
clients will usually be NPO after midnight prevent regurgitation / aspiration
Nutritional care after surgery
in most cases, patients receive intravenous solution after surgery
solutions contain water, 5-10% dextrose, vitamins, medications, & antibiotics
adults after surgery need 35-45 calories / per kg body weight additional for healing
maximum calories supplied by solutions 400-500 calories in 24 hr. period (calorie deficit)
a high protein diet may be recommended because of protein loss
extra minerals, vitamins
when peristalsis returns, start on ice-chips, then clear-liquids
progress to a regular diet
some clients may need a parenteral or enteral feeding
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