Physical Assessment of the Abdomen

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen

• Inspection—observe contour, any masses, scars, or distension

• Auscultation—listen for bowel sounds in all quadrants

• Note frequency and character, audible clicks, and flatus

• Describe bowel sounds as audible, hyperactive, hypoactive, or inaudible

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen (cont.)

• Percussion—expect resonant sound or tympany

• Areas of increased dullness may be caused by fluid, a mass, or tumor

• Palpation—note any muscular resistance, tenderness, enlargement of organs, masses

Physical Assessment of the
Anus and Rectum

• Inspection and palpation

• Examine anal area for cracks, nodules, distended veins, masses or polyps, fecal mass

• Insert gloved finger into anus to assess sphincter tone & smoothness of mucosal lining

• Inspect perineal area for skin irritation secondary to diarrhea