Sleep Disorders

15. Sleep Disorders

A. dyssomnias – characteristics by insomnia or excessive sleepiness

B. parasomnias – patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep (sleepwalking)

16. Dyssomnias

A. insomnia – inability to fall asleep, remain asleep, or go back to sleep

B. hypersomnia – excessive sleep

C. narcolepsy – uncontrolled desire to sleep

D. sleep apnea – absence of breathing or diminished breathing

E. sleep deprivation ↓amount, consistency, and quality of sleep

17. Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A. upper airway obstructed, tongue relaxes & falls back

B. can treat by removing tonsils, oral appliance, or CPAP – continuous positive air pressure

18. Parasomnias

A. somnambulism – sleep walking

B. sleep talking

C. nocturnal erections

D. bruxism

E. enuresis

F. sleep-related eating disorder – patient not remember eating in morning (sleep drug "Ambien"

may cause)

19. Treatment for Dyssomnias

A. pharmacologic therapy – sedatives & hypnotics (can disturb REM or NREM sleep don't use

long term). Non benzohypnotics (sleep meds.), & benzohypnotics ↓anxiety. Barbituates

can have withdrawal symptoms: Nambutol & Seconal

B. Nonpharmacologic Therapy

a. stimulus control ↓noise, temperature adjusted to comfortable level

b. sleep restriction – no napping, awaken at same time each day

c. sleep hygiene – avoid caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, have regular routine

d. cognitive therapy – stress & anxiety reduction

e. multicomponent therapy – combination

f. relaxation therapy – guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation

20. Common Etiologies for Nursing Diagnoses

A. physical or emotional discomfort or pain

B. changes in bedtime rituals or sleep environment

C. disruption of circadian rhythm

D. exercise and diet before sleep

E. drug dependency & withdrawal

F. symptoms of physical illness & pain

21. Nursing Interventions to Promote Sleep

A. prepare a restful environment – dim lights

B. promote bedtime rituals

C. offer appropriate bedtime snacks and beverages (small protein, peanut butter & crackers)

D. promote relaxation & comfort

E. respect normal sleep-wake patterns

22. Interventions – con't

A. schedule nursing care to avoid disturbances

B. use medications to produce sleep

C. teach about sleep & rest