Physiology of Movement

Activity and Exercise

Physiology of Movement

1. Skeletal system – function is support, protect, surfaces for attachment, RBC formation,

2. Muscular system – function is movement, produce heat, breathing & heart muscles, posture

3. Nervous system – brain is center. nerves toward brain=afferent, nerves away=efferent

Body Mechanics- prevent injury to bones, strong core muscles needed, balance important

normal movement – use abdominal muscles, use wheeled objects to reduce back strain, put feet

up to rest, don't lock knees

1. alignment and posture

2. balance

3. coordinated movement

4. balance

Posture deviations

1. scoliosis – teenagers get (lateral curvature of spine)

2. lordosis – toddlers, pregnant & obese people have (increased lumbar curvature)

3. kyphosis – elderly ("dowager's hump" - increased thoracic spinal curvature)

Types of Exercise

1. isotonic – muscle shortening & active movement – ADL's, exercise, range of motion

2. isometric – muscle contraction without shortening (no change in muscle length) ie. tighten quadriceps or gluteal muscles

3. isokinetic – muscle contraction with resistance – ie rehabilitative. exercises for knee or elbow & lifting weights

4. aerobic – sustained (often rhythmic) muscle movements that increase oxygen flow

Factors affecting body alignment & activity

1. growth and development

2. physical health

3. mental health

4. nutrition

5. personal values and attitudes

6. external factors

7. prescribed limitations