Pain
A. defined: "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage or described in terms of such damage" (American Pain Society, 2003).
B. Origin pg 1371
1. physical cause of pain can be identified
2. psychogenic cause of pain cannot be identified
3. Referred pain is perceived in an area distant from its point of origin (nerve-related)
ie. gall bladder pain mid back, kidney pain front of abdomen, appendicitis umbilicus,
liver right scapula
C. Classification Ch 41 Taylor
1. duration
2. location (source)
3. etiology
4. intensity
D. Acute pain
1. rapid onset
2. varies in intensity from mild to severe
3. warms of problem
4. is protective in nature
5. disappears after cause is resolved or recovery occurred
E. Chronic pain
1. last beyond normal period of healing
2. may involve periods of remissions & exacerbations
3. interfere with functioning
4. may lead to withdrawal, anger, frustration, dependency& depression
F. Location of pain
1. cutaneous skin or subcutaneous tissue (ie. superficial paper cuts)
2. somatic originates in tendons, ligaments, bones, blood vessels & nerves (ie. bone
fracture or sprain of foot)
3. visceral poorly localized & originates in body organs can be referred ie. pain from MI
heart attack) felt in jaw and left arm (men)
G. Etiology
1. Physiological occurs as a result of an intact, properly functioning nervous system
sending messages that tissue is damaged & in need of repair
2. Neuropathic results from injury to nerves of PNS or CNS, typically chronic (source can
be undetermined ie. burning, aching, shocking, dull, tingling)
H. Intensity Taylor 1384
1. mild 1-3 on a 1-10 scale
2. moderate 4-6
3. severe 7-10
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